{"id":5245,"date":"2026-09-13T21:53:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-13T19:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/solar-farm-contracts-germany\/"},"modified":"2026-09-13T21:53:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T19:53:46","slug":"solar-farm-contracts-germany","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/solar-farm-contracts-germany\/","title":{"rendered":"Solar farms in Germany \u2013 legal advice for EPC, installation and O&#038;M contractors"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"progress\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\r\n  \"itemListElement\": [\r\n    { \"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 1, \"name\": \"Home\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/\" },\r\n    { \"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 2, \"name\": \"Construction law\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/practice-areas\/construction-law\/\" },\r\n    { \"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 3, \"name\": \"Solar farm contracts\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/solar-farm-contracts-germany\/\" }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"Service\",\r\n  \"serviceType\": \"Legal advice for contractors building and servicing solar farms in Germany: review and negotiation of EPC, installation subcontracts and O&M contracts, acceptance, contractual penalties, payment, posted workers\",\r\n  \"provider\": { \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"BWLAW \u2013 Kanzlei Dr. Barczewski & Dr. Wr\u00f3blewska GbR\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/\", \"telephone\": \"+49 335 553 10969\" },\r\n  \"areaServed\": { \"@type\": \"Country\", \"name\": \"Germany\" },\r\n  \"availableLanguage\": [\"en\", \"de\", \"pl\"],\r\n  \"url\": \"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/solar-farm-contracts-germany\/\"\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<header>\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/\" class=\"brand\" aria-label=\"BWLAW \u2013 home\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/wp-content\/themes\/bwlaw-child-1\/assets\/img\/logo-bw.png\" alt=\"BWLAW \u2013 law firm in Germany\" width=\"42\" height=\"28\"><\/a>\r\n    <nav aria-label=\"Main navigation\">\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/practice-areas\/construction-law\/\" class=\"active\">Construction law<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/practice-areas\/debt-collection\/\">Debt collection<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/practice-areas\/company-formation\/\">Corporate law<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/practice-areas\/employment-law\/\">Employment law<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/defective-car-from-germany\/\">Cars<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/\">Knowledge base<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/#zespol\">Team<\/a>\r\n    <\/nav>\r\n    <a href=\"#kontakt\" class=\"btn\">Contact a lawyer <span class=\"arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n    <button class=\"burger\" aria-label=\"Menu\">\u2630<\/button>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\n<!-- HERO -->\r\n<section class=\"shero\">\r\n  <div class=\"glow\"><\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div>\r\n      <nav class=\"crumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/\">Home<\/a><span>\/<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/practice-areas\/construction-law\/\">Construction law<\/a><span>\/<\/span><b>Solar farm contracts<\/b><\/nav>\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Solar farms \u00b7 EPC \u00b7 O&amp;M \u00b7 installation<\/span>\r\n      <h1>Solar farm contracts in Germany. <em>Legal advice for companies that build and service PV plants.<\/em><\/h1>\r\n      <p class=\"lead\">You install mounting structures and modules, build the plant as general contractor or run its operation and maintenance? We review EPC, subcontract and O&amp;M contracts, negotiate them with the investor or the general contractor, and when a dispute arises we pursue payment and defend you against contractual penalties. In English, German and Polish, across Germany.<\/p>\r\n      <div class=\"cta-row\">\r\n        <a href=\"#kontakt\" class=\"btn\">Send us the contract for review <span class=\"arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <a href=\"tel:+4933555310969\" class=\"btn ghost\" style=\"border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.5);color:#fff\">\u260e +49 335 553 10969<\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"badges\">\r\n        <span class=\"badge\">EPC contract \u00b7 installation<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"badge\">O&amp;M contract \u00b7 availability<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"badge\">Negotiations EN \u00b7 DE<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"badge\">Acceptance \u00b7 penalties \u00b7 payment<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"ph rv\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/wp-content\/themes\/bwlaw-child-1\/assets\/img\/zespol-usmiech.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/wp-content\/themes\/bwlaw-child-1\/assets\/img\/zespol-usmiech-480.webp 480w, https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/wp-content\/themes\/bwlaw-child-1\/assets\/img\/zespol-usmiech-800.webp 800w, https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/wp-content\/themes\/bwlaw-child-1\/assets\/img\/zespol-usmiech.webp 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 94vw, 45vw\" alt=\"BWLAW lawyers discussing a construction and O&amp;M contract for a solar farm in Germany\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" fetchpriority=\"high\"><\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- TYPICAL SITUATIONS -->\r\n<section class=\"sec\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Sound familiar?<\/span>\r\n      <h2>What solar companies bring to us<\/h2>\r\n      <p>Most disputes start with a contract signed in a hurry, just before mobilising to site or taking over the operation of a plant.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"probs rv d1\">\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">01<\/span><b>English contract, German law<\/b><p>The investor sends an EPC or O&amp;M contract in English with German law as the governing law. Terms such as liquidated damages or taking-over are then interpreted under German law, because the law applicable to a contract governs its interpretation (Art. 12 (1) (a) Rome I Regulation).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">02<\/span><b>Availability guarantee and penalties<\/b><p>The O&amp;M contract guarantees a certain annual availability of the plant and provides a penalty for every missing percentage point. The definitions decide the outcome: what counts as unavailability, which downtimes are excluded and whether penalties are capped.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">03<\/span><b>Acceptance of the plant drags on<\/b><p>The plant is running and feeding into the grid, but the client does not sign the acceptance because it is waiting for tests, documentation or the removal of minor defects. Yet acceptance (Abnahme) makes the remuneration due (sec. 641 (1) sentence 1 BGB) and starts the limitation period for defect claims (sec. 634a (2) BGB).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">04<\/span><b>Changes in the field<\/b><p>Ground conditions differing from the survey, a changed table layout, additional cable routes or a postponed grid connection. Whether you are entitled to extra payment or more time depends on the risk allocation in the contract and on what was notified in writing during the works.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">05<\/span><b>Deductions and withheld payments<\/b><p>The general contractor deducts penalties, retains a security (Sicherheitseinbehalt) or withholds the last instalment until it has settled with the investor. Clauses making payment conditional on the investor\u2019s payment (pay when paid) need to be checked in the specific contract.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">06<\/span><b>Inspections of site crews<\/b><p>Customs checks the registration of posted workers and the minimum wage, and SOKA-BAU asks for holiday fund contributions. For PV installation, whether SOKA-BAU applies depends on the type of work and on who directs and performs it.<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- CONTRACT REVIEW -->\r\n<section class=\"sec alt\" id=\"contract-review\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Contract review<\/span>\r\n      <h2>We review the contract before you commit for years<\/h2>\r\n      <p>EPC and O&amp;M contracts are usually drafted by the investor or the general contractor. We show where the contract shifts risks onto you that are not priced in, and we propose specific amendments.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"probs rv d1\">\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">01<\/span><b>EPC and general contractor agreements<\/b><p>Turnkey construction of a solar farm: scope and interfaces, schedule, tests and acceptance, contractor warranties, delay penalties and securities.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">02<\/span><b>Installation subcontracts<\/b><p>Installation of mounting structures, modules, inverters and cabling: scope, measurement, remuneration, deductions and obligations passed down from the main contract (flow-down).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">03<\/span><b>O&amp;M and service contracts<\/b><p>Preventive and corrective maintenance, response times, availability guarantee, performance ratio, spare parts, reporting and additional work.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">04<\/span><b>Framework agreements and client terms<\/b><p>Framework agreements with general contractors, individual orders and the client\u2019s standard terms attached to purchase orders that change the agreed quote.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">05<\/span><b>Guarantees and securities<\/b><p>Bank and insurance guarantees (B\u00fcrgschaften), retentions and parent company guarantees: amount, return date, conditions for calling and payment on first demand.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">06<\/span><b>Your contracts with sub-subcontractors<\/b><p>Contracts with your own subcontractors and suppliers, so that the risks, penalties and documentation duties from the main contract do not remain with you alone.<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\" style=\"margin-top:3rem\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">What we check in every contract<\/span>\r\n      <h2>Eight places where a solar contract most often costs the contractor<\/h2>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"probs rv d1\">\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">A<\/span><b>Scope and interfaces<\/b><p>Who is responsible for the grid connection, transformer station, access roads, fencing, monitoring and documentation for the grid operator. Every gap between scopes is a future dispute over extra payment.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">B<\/span><b>Deadlines and penalties<\/b><p>The daily penalty rate, the cap and whether the penalty requires fault. In terms drafted by the other side for multiple contracts (AGB) an excessive penalty may be invalid (sec. 307 (1) sentence 1 BGB).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">C<\/span><b>Availability and performance guarantees<\/b><p>The formula, the measurement period and the exclusions: grid failures, curtailment instructed by the grid operator, force majeure, waiting time for manufacturer spare parts. Plus the ratio of penalties to your remuneration.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">D<\/span><b>Liability and its cap<\/b><p>The aggregate liability cap, the exclusion of lost profit and indirect damage and the relation between penalties and damages. If the contract is silent, the creditor may claim the penalty as the minimum amount of damages and pursue higher damages (sec. 340 (2), sec. 341 (2) BGB).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">E<\/span><b>Acceptance and risk until acceptance<\/b><p>When acceptance takes place, whether partial acceptance is allowed and which tests it depends on. Until acceptance the contractor as a rule bears the risk of accidental loss of the work, for example cable theft from the site (sec. 644 (1) sentence 1 BGB).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">F<\/span><b>Payments and securities<\/b><p>Payment schedule, retentions, guarantees and their return dates. Under a construction contract the contractor may demand security for payment, and the contract cannot exclude this right (sec. 650f (1) and (7) BGB).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">G<\/span><b>Termination and end of contract<\/b><p>Until the work is completed the client may terminate at any time without giving reasons, but the contractor is then entitled to the agreed remuneration less saved expenses and less what it earns, or maliciously fails to earn, by using its capacity elsewhere (sec. 648 sentences 1 and 2 BGB). Contracts often change this, so we check the settlement and the handover of documentation.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">H<\/span><b>Law, forum and language<\/b><p>Governing law, state courts or arbitration, the place of proceedings and the prevailing language version where the English and German texts differ.<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"hl rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Result of the review<\/span>\r\n      <h3>A risk report and amendments in the language of the contract<\/h3>\r\n      <p>After the review you receive a short report: which clauses are dangerous, how large the financial risk is and what we propose instead. We mark up the contract in track changes in its own language, English or German, with comments you can pass on to the other side. You know the cost of the review before instructing us.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"mini-cta rv\"><b>Do you have a draft EPC, subcontract or O&amp;M contract?<\/b><span style=\"color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:.92rem\">Send it before signing. We will tell you which clauses are worth changing and how long the review will take.<\/span><a href=\"#kontakt\" class=\"btn\">Send the contract <span class=\"arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/a><\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- NEGOTIATIONS -->\r\n<section class=\"sec\" id=\"negotiations\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Negotiations<\/span>\r\n      <h2>We negotiate the contract with the investor or the general contractor<\/h2>\r\n      <p>A good amendment is half the job. The other half is a rationale that convinces the other side\u2019s legal team, and a sequence of concessions planned before the first round.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"steps rv d1\">\r\n      <div class=\"stp\"><div><b>Priority map<\/b><p>Together with you and your project manager we define which amendments are a condition for signing, which are important and which you can give up. We put a euro figure on each item so that concessions are not made at random.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"stp\"><div><b>Amendments with a rationale<\/b><p>Each amendment comes with a short rationale in English or German: market standard, a reasonable allocation of risk and, where needed, an argument from the rules on standard business terms.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"stp\"><div><b>Comment rounds and meetings<\/b><p>We handle the correspondence and comment rounds in the document and join online meetings with the investor or the general contractor, on your behalf or as support in the background.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"stp\"><div><b>Signing version and site cheat sheet<\/b><p>We close the text, check cross-references and annexes and give your project manager a list of deadlines, notices and reporting duties that must not be missed.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"hl rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Negotiation and standard terms<\/span>\r\n      <h3>A negotiated clause is no longer a standard term<\/h3>\r\n      <p>Terms drafted by one party for multiple contracts are standard business terms under German law (Allgemeine Gesch\u00e4ftsbedingungen, sec. 305 (1) sentence 1 BGB). If such a clause is invalid, the rest of the contract remains in force and the statutory provisions apply instead (sec. 306 (1) and (2) BGB). Terms individually negotiated between the parties, however, are not standard business terms (sec. 305 (1) sentence 3 BGB) and are not subject to this review. That is why, before negotiations, we assess which clauses must be changed expressly and which are better left undiscussed.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"mini-cta rv\"><b>Negotiations are under way and the other side has sent a new version?<\/b><span style=\"color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:.92rem\">Send us the latest text and the correspondence. We will step in at the current round.<\/span><a href=\"#kontakt\" class=\"btn\">Describe the situation <span class=\"arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/a><\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION -->\r\n<section class=\"sec alt\" id=\"construction\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Construction and installation<\/span>\r\n      <h2>On a solar farm site: changes, hindrances, acceptance and payment<\/h2>\r\n      <p>When building a solar farm, the money depends on the letters sent during the works, not on the documents collected at the final account.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"probs rv d1\">\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">01<\/span><b>Changes and additional work<\/b><p>Under a VOB\/B contract, extra payment for a change instructed by the client follows from sec. 2 (5) VOB\/B and for additional work from sec. 2 (6) VOB\/B, which requires notice of the claim before the work starts. Under a construction contract governed by the BGB, changes are regulated by sec. 650b and sec. 650c BGB.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">02<\/span><b>Hindrances: grid connection, deliveries, access<\/b><p>Report a delayed grid connection, missing modules to be supplied by the client or impassable site roads in writing without delay (Behinderungsanzeige). Without such notice a hindrance is only taken into account if the client was obviously aware of the facts and their effect on the works (sec. 6 (1) VOB\/B).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">03<\/span><b>Concerns about design and ground<\/b><p>Report concerns about the soil survey, the structural design or components supplied by the client in writing without delay, if possible before starting work (Bedenkenanmeldung, sec. 4 (3) VOB\/B). The contractor is liable for a defect resulting from such circumstances unless it gave that notice (sec. 13 (3) VOB\/B).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">04<\/span><b>Acceptance of the plant (Abnahme)<\/b><p>Commissioning the plant and technical protocols are not automatically acceptance within the meaning of sec. 640 BGB, and the client may not refuse acceptance because of insignificant defects (sec. 640 (1) sentence 2 BGB). If the client delays, the contractor may set a reasonable deadline after completion. If the client does not refuse acceptance within that deadline stating at least one defect, the work is deemed accepted (sec. 640 (2) BGB).<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">05<\/span><b>Defects and limitation<\/b><p>The limitation period for defect claims starts with acceptance (sec. 634a (2) BGB). It is 2 years for a work consisting in the manufacture, maintenance or alteration of a thing and 5 years for a building structure (sec. 634a (1) nos. 1 and 2 BGB), and under VOB\/B generally 4 years for building structures (sec. 13 (4) no. 1 VOB\/B). In one case the Federal Court of Justice applied the 5-year period to a PV system added to the roof of an existing hall and stated that a technical installation permanently connected to the ground, directly or via a building, can itself be a building structure (Bauwerk) if permanent use is intended (judgment of 2 June 2016 \u2013 VII ZR 348\/13). It has not ruled expressly on ground-mounted solar farms, so the period is best agreed in the contract.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">06<\/span><b>Payment and security<\/b><p>Under a construction contract the remuneration falls due after acceptance and a verifiable final invoice (sec. 650g (4) BGB). The contractor may also demand security for payment (sec. 650f (1) BGB). If a business is in default, interest of 9 percentage points above the base rate and a lump sum of 40 euros are owed (sec. 288 (2) and (5) BGB).<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"chips rv\">\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/extra-work-nachtrag-german-construction\/\">Extra work (Nachtrag) \u2192<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/acceptance-construction-works-germany\/\">Acceptance of construction works \u2192<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/final-invoice-schlussrechnung\/\">Final invoice (Schlussrechnung) \u2192<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/practice-areas\/construction-law\/\">Construction law in Germany \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- O&M -->\r\n<section class=\"sec\" id=\"om\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Operation and maintenance<\/span>\r\n      <h2>The O&amp;M contract: where a solar farm service provider loses money<\/h2>\r\n      <p>A service contract runs for years, and its risks only show at the first hailstorm, inverter failure or dispute over the availability report.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"probs rv d1\">\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">01<\/span><b>Definition of availability<\/b><p>The formula matters: whether availability is measured in time or in energy, over which period and which events are excluded, for example grid outages, curtailment instructions from the grid operator, force majeure, waiting for manufacturer spare parts or no site access.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">02<\/span><b>Penalties for availability and performance<\/b><p>The penalty table should have a threshold, a rate and an annual cap, and availability and performance ratio penalties should not add up for the same event. It is also worth stating expressly whether a penalty closes further claims for the same event and whether it counts towards the liability cap.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">03<\/span><b>Scope and additional work<\/b><p>The list of work covered by the lump sum, response and repair times and a price list for additional work. Without them every cable replacement, mowing or module cleaning becomes a dispute over whether it was included.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">04<\/span><b>Liability for damage<\/b><p>Annual and aggregate caps, exclusion of lost profit and indirect damage and liability insurance matching the cap. In standard business terms such exclusions have limits (sec. 307 BGB), so their wording needs precision.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">05<\/span><b>Termination and end of service<\/b><p>When the investor may terminate without cause, what compensation it then pays and what the service provider hands over to its successor: documentation, monitoring data, spare parts and system access.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">06<\/span><b>Construction and service in one hand<\/b><p>If the same company builds and services the plant, the warranty under the construction contract and the duties under the O&amp;M contract must fit together. Under VOB\/B, for electrotechnical parts whose maintenance affects safety and functionality, the limitation period for defect claims is 2 years unless otherwise agreed, if the client has decided not to entrust the contractor with maintenance for the duration of that period (sec. 13 (4) no. 2 VOB\/B). Awarding the service contract therefore also affects liability for construction defects.<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"mini-cta rv\"><b>Servicing a plant and received a report with availability penalties?<\/b><span style=\"color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:.92rem\">Send us the contract and the report. We will check the formula and the exclusions before you agree to any deduction.<\/span><a href=\"#kontakt\" class=\"btn\">Send for review <span class=\"arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/a><\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- WORKERS ON SITE -->\r\n<section class=\"sec alt\" id=\"workers\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Crews in Germany<\/span>\r\n      <h2>Posted workers, minimum wage and SOKA-BAU in PV installation<\/h2>\r\n      <p>On a large solar farm, a customs inspection or a letter from SOKA-BAU can cost more than a dispute over a single invoice.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"probs rv d1\">\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">01<\/span><b>Registration before the start<\/b><p>An employer based abroad that employs workers in Germany in sectors including construction must register them with the customs authorities before each assignment starts (sec. 16 (1) MiLoG in conjunction with sec. 2a (1) no. 1 SchwarzArbG). The A1 certificate concerns social security, not wages or holiday fund contributions.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">02<\/span><b>Liability for subcontractors<\/b><p>A business that commissions another business is liable, like a guarantor who has waived the defence of prior enforcement, for the payment of the net minimum wage by that business and further subcontractors and for their contributions to joint institutions of the collective bargaining parties such as SOKA-BAU (sec. 14 AEntG, sec. 13 MiLoG). Hence the declarations, document checks and retentions in subcontracts.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"prob\"><span class=\"no\">03<\/span><b>SOKA-BAU in solar PV<\/b><p>Installing PV systems is both construction work and electrical installation work. According to the Federal Labour Court, coverage by the construction industry collective agreements then depends on who directs or performs that work. In a case where two master electricians supervised all the work, the business was not covered, and the collecting institution lost its claim for EUR 102,423.13 in contributions (BAG, judgment of 27 April 2022 \u2013 10 AZR 263\/19).<\/p><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"chips rv\">\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/soka-bau-posting-workers\/\">SOKA-BAU when posting workers \u2192<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/who-falls-under-soka-bau\/\">Who falls under SOKA-BAU \u2192<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/posting-workers-germany\/\">Posting workers to Germany \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- HOW WE WORK -->\r\n<section class=\"sec\" id=\"how-we-work\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">How we work<\/span>\r\n      <h2>From the draft contract to the final account of the plant<\/h2>\r\n      <p>Most can be achieved before signing. But we step in at any stage, including when a dispute is already under way.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"steps rv d1\">\r\n      <div class=\"stp\"><div><b>Documents and goals<\/b><p>Contract with annexes, specification, schedule and correspondence. In a short call we define what matters most to you and when you need to sign. You know the cost before instructing us.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"stp\"><div><b>Risk report and amendments<\/b><p>A report in English or Polish, track changes in the language of the contract, proposed wording and rationales for the other side.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"stp\"><div><b>Negotiation and signing<\/b><p>Comment rounds, meetings with the investor or general contractor, the final signing version and a list of obligations for your project manager.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"stp\"><div><b>Delivery and disputes<\/b><p>Notices during construction, letters on acceptance, reservations and accounts and, where necessary, court proceedings in Germany.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- WHO HANDLES YOUR MATTER -->\r\n<section class=\"sec alt\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Who handles your matter<\/span>\r\n      <h2>We know construction contracts and energy projects from practice<\/h2>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"lawyer rv d1\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.6rem\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/wp-content\/themes\/bwlaw-child-1\/assets\/img\/dr-artur-barczewski.webp\" alt=\"Dr. Artur Barczewski \u2013 Rechtsanwalt\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\" loading=\"lazy\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <b>Dr. Artur Barczewski<\/b>\r\n        <div class=\"role\">Rechtsanwalt \u00b7 attorney-at-law<\/div>\r\n        <p>Handles disputes of construction and installation companies in Germany over remuneration, additional work and acceptance. Reviews and negotiates contractor agreements, including in English. His doctoral thesis at the European University Viadrina dealt with claims for additional work under lump-sum contracts.<\/p>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/team\/artur-barczewski\/\">View profile \u2192<\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"lawyer rv d2\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/wp-content\/themes\/bwlaw-child-1\/assets\/img\/dr-karolina-wroblewska.webp\" alt=\"Dr. Karolina Wr\u00f3blewska \u2013 Rechtsanw\u00e4ltin\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\" loading=\"lazy\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <b>Dr. Karolina Wr\u00f3blewska<\/b>\r\n        <div class=\"role\">Rechtsanw\u00e4ltin \u00b7 attorney-at-law<\/div>\r\n        <p>Negotiates and reviews commercial contracts and advises on investment projects and on posting staff to Germany. She gained experience, among other things, advising a major energy operator in Germany.<\/p>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/team\/karolina-wroblewska\/\">View profile \u2192<\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- LEAD MAGNET (plugin bwlaw-leadmagnet v1.2, klucz pv-en) -->\r\n<section class=\"sec\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"magnet rv\" id=\"materialy\">\r\n      <div class=\"magnet-ico\">\u2b07<\/div>\r\n      <div>\r\n        <b>Solar O&amp;M contract \u2014 12 points to check before signing (PDF)<\/b>\r\n        <p>Availability, penalties, liability caps, additional work, termination and service handover. A checklist for service providers and contractors of solar farms.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <form class=\"magnet-form\" method=\"post\" action=\"\/wp-admin\/admin-post.php\">\r\n        <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"action\" value=\"bwlaw_lead\">\r\n        <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"magnet\" value=\"pv-en\">\r\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"bw_website\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"position:absolute;left:-9999px;width:1px;height:1px;opacity:0\">\r\n        <input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" required placeholder=\"Your e-mail address\" aria-label=\"E-mail address\">\r\n        <label class=\"optin\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"zgoda_material\" value=\"1\" required><span>Please send the checklist to the e-mail address provided. <a href=\"\/en\/privacy-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Privacy notice<\/a>.<\/span><\/label>\r\n        <label class=\"optin\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"zgoda_marketing\" value=\"1\"><span>I would also like to receive information about changes in German law. I can withdraw this consent at any time.<\/span><\/label>\r\n        <button class=\"btn\" type=\"submit\">Send confirmation link <span class=\"arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <\/form>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- FAQ -->\r\n<section class=\"sec alt\" id=\"faq\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Frequently asked questions<\/span>\r\n      <h2>Solar farm contracts in Germany \u2013 questions from contractors and service providers<\/h2>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"faq-list rv d1\">\r\n      <div class=\"qa open\">\r\n        <button aria-expanded=\"true\">Do you review EPC and O&amp;M contracts in English?<span class=\"pl\">+<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <div class=\"ans\"><div><p>Yes. Contracts for solar projects in Germany are often written in English but governed by German law. We review them in the original language, prepare the risk report in English or Polish and mark up amendments in the language of the contract. English terms such as liquidated damages or taking-over are then interpreted under German law, because the law applicable to a contract governs its interpretation (Art. 12 (1) (a) Rome I Regulation).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"qa\">\r\n        <button aria-expanded=\"false\">Can you negotiate directly with the investor or the general contractor?<span class=\"pl\">+<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <div class=\"ans\"><div><p>Yes. We can handle correspondence and meetings on your behalf or prepare amendments and rationales that you pass on to the other side yourself. The choice depends on your relationship with the counterparty, the stage of the talks and who has led the negotiations so far.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"qa\">\r\n        <button aria-expanded=\"false\">How long does a contract review take and what does it cost?<span class=\"pl\">+<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <div class=\"ans\"><div><p>That depends on the length of the contract, the number of annexes and the signing date. We agree the timing and the cost before you instruct us. If signing is urgent, we start with the clauses carrying the greatest financial risk: contractual penalties, liability caps, guarantees and securities.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"qa\">\r\n        <button aria-expanded=\"false\">The contractual penalties are very high. Are they always enforceable?<span class=\"pl\">+<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <div class=\"ans\"><div><p>Not always. A penalty in terms that the other side drafted for multiple contracts is subject to review under sec. 307 BGB. The Federal Court of Justice held that a penalty clause in a client\u2019s standard terms for a construction contract is invalid if its cap exceeds 5 % of the remuneration (default judgment of 23 January 2003 \u2013 VII ZR 210\/01). The reference value is the remuneration under the correct final account (Abrechnungssumme), so in a unit-price contract a cap based on the sum in the order letter is not enough (judgment of 15 February 2024 \u2013 VII ZR 42\/22). An individually negotiated penalty is not subject to this review (sec. 305 (1) sentence 3 BGB), and a merchant cannot ask the court to reduce a penalty promised in the course of its business (sec. 348 HGB).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"qa\">\r\n        <button aria-expanded=\"false\">The plant is running but the client refuses to sign the acceptance. What should I do?<span class=\"pl\">+<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <div class=\"ans\"><div><p>After completion, set the client a reasonable deadline for acceptance in writing. If the client does not refuse acceptance within that deadline stating at least one defect, the work is deemed accepted (sec. 640 (2) BGB). Also check whether the contract makes acceptance conditional on tests, as-built documentation or approval by the grid operator, because those conditions then have to be met and documented.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"qa\">\r\n        <button aria-expanded=\"false\">Does PV installation fall under SOKA-BAU?<span class=\"pl\">+<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <div class=\"ans\"><div><p>Not automatically. PV installation is both construction and electrical work, and the Federal Labour Court held that what matters is who directs or performs it. A business whose work was supervised by master electricians was not covered by the construction industry collective agreements (BAG, judgment of 27 April 2022 \u2013 10 AZR 263\/19). An assessment requires documents on the type of work, qualifications and supervision.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"qa\">\r\n        <button aria-expanded=\"false\">As the principal, am I liable for wages at my subcontractors?<span class=\"pl\">+<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <div class=\"ans\"><div><p>Yes, as regards the minimum wage and contributions. A business that commissions another business is liable, like a guarantor who has waived the defence of prior enforcement, for the payment of the net minimum wage by that business and its further subcontractors and for contributions to joint institutions of the collective bargaining parties such as SOKA-BAU (sec. 14 AEntG, sec. 13 MiLoG). That is why general contractors require declarations and documents from subcontractors, and you can require the same from yours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"qa\">\r\n        <button aria-expanded=\"false\">Do you handle matters across Germany and in English?<span class=\"pl\">+<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <div class=\"ans\"><div><p>Yes. The firm is based in Frankfurt (Oder) and advises solar companies across Germany. We work with you in English or Polish and prepare contracts, correspondence and court documents in German or English. You know the cost before instructing us.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [\r\n    { \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do you review EPC and O&M contracts in English?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Contracts for solar projects in Germany are often written in English but governed by German law. We review them in the original language, prepare the risk report in English or Polish and mark up amendments in the language of the contract. English terms such as liquidated damages or taking-over are then interpreted under German law, because the law applicable to a contract governs its interpretation (Art. 12 (1) (a) Rome I Regulation).\" } },\r\n    { \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can you negotiate directly with the investor or the general contractor?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. We can handle correspondence and meetings on your behalf or prepare amendments and rationales that you pass on to the other side yourself. The choice depends on your relationship with the counterparty, the stage of the talks and who has led the negotiations so far.\" } },\r\n    { \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long does a contract review take and what does it cost?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"That depends on the length of the contract, the number of annexes and the signing date. We agree the timing and the cost before you instruct us. If signing is urgent, we start with the clauses carrying the greatest financial risk: contractual penalties, liability caps, guarantees and securities.\" } },\r\n    { \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The contractual penalties are very high. Are they always enforceable?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not always. A penalty in terms that the other side drafted for multiple contracts is subject to review under sec. 307 BGB. The Federal Court of Justice held that a penalty clause in a client\u2019s standard terms for a construction contract is invalid if its cap exceeds 5 % of the remuneration (default judgment of 23 January 2003 \u2013 VII ZR 210\/01). The reference value is the remuneration under the correct final account (Abrechnungssumme), so in a unit-price contract a cap based on the sum in the order letter is not enough (judgment of 15 February 2024 \u2013 VII ZR 42\/22). An individually negotiated penalty is not subject to this review (sec. 305 (1) sentence 3 BGB), and a merchant cannot ask the court to reduce a penalty promised in the course of its business (sec. 348 HGB).\" } },\r\n    { \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The plant is running but the client refuses to sign the acceptance. What should I do?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"After completion, set the client a reasonable deadline for acceptance in writing. If the client does not refuse acceptance within that deadline stating at least one defect, the work is deemed accepted (sec. 640 (2) BGB). Also check whether the contract makes acceptance conditional on tests, as-built documentation or approval by the grid operator, because those conditions then have to be met and documented.\" } },\r\n    { \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does PV installation fall under SOKA-BAU?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not automatically. PV installation is both construction and electrical work, and the Federal Labour Court held that what matters is who directs or performs it. A business whose work was supervised by master electricians was not covered by the construction industry collective agreements (BAG, judgment of 27 April 2022 \u2013 10 AZR 263\/19). An assessment requires documents on the type of work, qualifications and supervision.\" } },\r\n    { \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"As the principal, am I liable for wages at my subcontractors?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, as regards the minimum wage and contributions. A business that commissions another business is liable, like a guarantor who has waived the defence of prior enforcement, for the payment of the net minimum wage by that business and its further subcontractors and for contributions to joint institutions of the collective bargaining parties such as SOKA-BAU (sec. 14 AEntG, sec. 13 MiLoG). That is why general contractors require declarations and documents from subcontractors, and you can require the same from yours.\" } },\r\n    { \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do you handle matters across Germany and in English?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The firm is based in Frankfurt (Oder) and advises solar companies across Germany. We work with you in English or Polish and prepare contracts, correspondence and court documents in German or English. You know the cost before instructing us.\" } }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<!-- Z BAZY WIEDZY: karty artykulow kategorii (v3 - 3 najnowsze wg post_date, generowane skryptem) -->\r\n<section class=\"sec\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Knowledge base<\/span>\r\n      <h2>Guides: solar farms in Germany<\/h2>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"kb-grid rv d1\" style=\"margin-top:2rem\">\r\n      <article class=\"kb-card\" data-cat=\"fotowoltaika\">\r\r\n        <span class=\"cat\">Solar PV<\/span>\r\r\n        <h3>Solar installation subcontractor in Germany \u2014 what to sort out first<\/h3>\r\r\n        <p>Customs registration, EUR 13.90 minimum wage, SOKA-BAU for PV installation, 15 % withholding without a Freistellungsbescheinigung, reverse-charge VAT, penalty caps and customs inspections on site.<\/p>\r\r\n        <div class=\"meta\"><span>\u2248 16 min read<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/solar-installation-subcontractor-germany\/\">Read more \u2192<\/a><\/div>\r\r\n      <\/article>\n      <article class=\"kb-card\" data-cat=\"fotowoltaika\">\r\r\n        <span class=\"cat\">Solar PV<\/span>\r\r\n        <h3>Solar farm acceptance \u2014 when is the plant legally accepted<\/h3>\r\r\n        <p>The plant is running but the client will not sign? Acceptance versus commissioning, deemed acceptance under BGB and VOB\/B, partial acceptance, condition surveys and defect periods.<\/p>\r\r\n        <div class=\"meta\"><span>\u2248 12 min read<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/solar-farm-acceptance-germany\/\">Read more \u2192<\/a><\/div>\r\r\n      <\/article>\n      <article class=\"kb-card\" data-cat=\"fotowoltaika\">\r\r\n        <span class=\"cat\">Solar PV<\/span>\r\r\n        <h3>Solar O&amp;M contract \u2014 availability, penalties, liability<\/h3>\r\r\n        <p>Contract for work or services, availability formula and exclusions, penalty versus liquidated damages, liability caps in standard terms, termination and the EPC warranty interface.<\/p>\r\r\n        <div class=\"meta\"><span>\u2248 13 min read<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/solar-om-contract-germany\/\">Read more \u2192<\/a><\/div>\r\r\n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"chips rv\" style=\"margin-top:1.6rem\">\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/bwlaw.de\/en\/knowledge-base\/\">All articles in the knowledge base \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<!-- KONTAKT (formularz -> admin-post bwlaw_contact, style kontaktu inline jak 4945\/5239) -->\r\n<section class=\"sec alt\" id=\"kontakt\">\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"sec-head rv\">\r\n      <span class=\"eyebrow\">Contract or case review<\/span>\r\n      <h2>Send us the contract or describe the problem on site or in service \u2013 we usually reply within one business day<\/h2>\r\n      <p style=\"color:var(--ink-soft);max-width:62ch;margin-top:.8rem\">Tell us which contract it is (EPC, subcontract, O&amp;M), who the other party is, which language the contract is in and when it has to be signed. For a dispute, tell us the stage: construction, acceptance, service or final account. You know the cost before instructing us.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <style>\r\n    #kontakt .k-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr .75fr;gap:1.8rem;margin-top:2.2rem;align-items:start}\r\n    @media(max-width:900px){#kontakt .k-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\r\n    #kontakt .cform{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:20px;padding:1.8rem;box-shadow:0 18px 44px rgba(22,21,19,.07)}\r\n    #kontakt .cform label{display:block;font-size:.8rem;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0 0 .35rem}\r\n    #kontakt .cform input,#kontakt .cform textarea{width:100%;background:var(--ivory);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;color:var(--ink);padding:.85rem 1rem;font-family:inherit;font-size:.95rem;margin-bottom:1.1rem}\r\n    #kontakt .cform input:focus,#kontakt .cform textarea:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--terra)}\r\n    #kontakt .cform textarea{min-height:120px;resize:vertical}\r\n    #kontakt .optin{display:flex;gap:.95rem;align-items:flex-start;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:.2rem 0 1.2rem;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.5}\r\n    #kontakt .optin input{margin-top:.2rem;margin-right:.1rem;width:17px;height:17px;accent-color:var(--terra);flex:0 0 auto;cursor:pointer}\r\n    #kontakt .optin a{color:var(--terra);font-weight:600}\r\n    #kontakt .k-side{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:20px;padding:1.7rem}\r\n    #kontakt .k-person{display:flex;gap:1rem;align-items:center;padding:.8rem 0;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}\r\n    #kontakt .k-person img{width:72px;height:72px;border-radius:16px;object-fit:cover;object-position:top;flex:0 0 auto}\r\n    #kontakt .k-person+.k-person{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n    #kontakt .k-person b{transition:color .25s}\r\n    #kontakt .k-person:hover b{color:var(--terra)}\r\n    #kontakt .k-side 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